Drinking green tea helps to prevent abdominal aortic aneurysm

Drinking green tea is a habit of many Asians. A recent study by the Journal of Vascular Surgery has shown that drinking green tea can prevent abdominal aortic aneurysm. More related research involving recombinant mouse proteins should be conducted.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a disease that occurs in the human aorta, leading to excessive extension and swelling of the arteries. Usually patients show no obvious symptoms of aneurysm, and they usually find the disease when the arteries rupture. If the arterial swelling can be found at an early stage, the doctor usually recommends surgery.

There are many studies confirming that drinking green tea on the human body has many benefits, such as prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammation and antioxidant.

"Recent studies have shown that polyphenols existing in green tea can be used to regenerate elastins, which are essential proteins for vascular elasticity," said Shuji Setozaki, MD, and the lead author of the study.

In this study, the investigators used the drug to make the rats suffer from abdominal aortic aneurysms. Researchers have given the green tea polyphenols (the main ingredient in green tea) treated rats to develop a smaller incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysms. These rats have lower levels of inflammation and higher levels of elastin and help to protect the blood vessels from destructive fate. Rats that did not receive green tea polyphenol treatment developed aneurysm, vascular rupture, and 50% of rats died.

"The lifetime of the Japanese is the longest in the world, and studies have shown that 80% of Japanese people have the habit of drinking green tea every day," says Hidetoshi Masumoto, co-author of the study. "We believe that drinking green tea every day should be considered as a new preventive measure to prevent abdominal aortic aneurysms." By the way, Flarebio provides you with good-quality recombinant proteins and antibodies like NES Monoclonal Antibody.

The molecular structure of proteins can be read now

Russian and foreign scientists have learned to read the molecular structure of proteins through the help of X-ray and molecular sulfur atoms, which will accelerate the search for drugs and explore the etiology of rare disease development. Scientists have published the article in the journal Science Advances, which also publishes other studies on recombinant human proteins.

"When I was involved in the first receptor protein structure assay, it took about a year to obtain large-size crystals for classical X-ray diffraction, and we hope that this approach, which is currently being developed, can speed up this work," said Wajim Cherezov from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.

Researchers from the University of Moscow at the University of Moscow and his University of Southern California studied the semi-helical receptor, the GCPR protein. For example, the GCPR protein plays an important role in visual, auditory, and other organ work and transmits signals from the external environment to the cells. Genetic damage associated with its work will lead to serious damage to cell life and cause serious consequences, including blindness.

To this end, scientists are actively studying the protein structure and try to understand their appearance in three-dimensional space. It is very difficult to do this - it is necessary to use astronomical time to calculate its structure on a computer or to separate the protein in pure form to freeze the protein and examine the protein with a strong X-ray laser. Such operations will take a lot of time and effort, which will slow down the GCPR protein research and search for the process of typical damage.

While the Moscow Institute of Physics and some American university scientists can simplify this task. They used free electrons with powerful X-ray lasers and special image processing methods. These images are based on the X-ray reflection and re-radiation patterns of common sulfur atoms in protein molecules.

In this way, Cherezov and his colleagues successfully recovered one of the GCPR proteins with a resolution of 0.25 nm A2A receptor structure and then increased the resolution by 0.19 nm, which is more than twice the diameter of the hydrogen atom. Scientists pointed out that high resolution can not only study the protein structure, but also can see the surrounding fat and water molecules and their interaction with the protein molecules.

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology said that in the current 800 protein receptors, scientists only know 34 molecular structures. Scientists hope that Cherezov and his colleagues will be able to significantly speed up their research and help to create new and effective drugs for the treatment of large numbers of diseases. Flarebio offers high-quality recombinant proteins and antibodies such as PODXL Monoclonal Antibody.

Sirtuins family and the role of mitochondria in health and disease is well known

With protein entering the people's vision, sirtuins has caused people's attention through its relation with aging and age-related diseases. Sirtuins family and the role of mitochondria in health and disease is well known. Based on a basic survey involving recombinant rat proteins, Marcia Haigis and her Harvard Medical School team presented a profound molecular question: what proteins are associated with sirtuins in cells?

Scientists have created a picture of the interaction of proteins - in mitochondria - found that sirtuins interact with the energy source of cells. Then they used the diagram to reveal how a particular sirtuin works with its protein to keep the cell motivated. Haigis, an associate professor of HMS cell biology, and her colleagues plotted the position of the 89 proteins and observed that the three members of the sirtuin family (SIRT3, SIRT4 and SIRT5) were tightly bound. This approach makes SIRT3 play a key role in regulating the health of mitochondria.

Control of damage is essential for cells and their components. But the researchers demonstrated that SIRT3 intervened in a different way. It responds quickly to mitochondria without compromising yourself. In a paper published by scientists on Cell, a roadmap is provided for future research and shows how they can use it to detect stress responses in mitochondria.

"Knowing how the three mitochondrial sirtuins proteins combine to give us - and this area - really rich information," Haigis said. "The interactive components make us see the stress response. The more we see the more clear that the response is actually regulatory feedback."

Mitochondria must maintain an appropriate concentration gradient on both sides of their inner walls in internal cells, where ATP is the energy source of the cells. When the equilibrium of the membrane potential is destroyed, the pH level rises and the membrane potential sends a signal to destroy the mitochondria. Haigis and her team found that SIRT3 and its binding partner ATP5O changed their markers in the mitochondria by inverting the chemical markers on other proteins, resulting in a response to pH reduction. SIRT3 and ATP50 can label these chemicals - and use energy - to respond to cell pressure until recovery is balanced.

"From a cellular biology point of view, this is a rapid response to stress, which is more effective than mitochondria that are always degraded." Haigis said. Flarebio provides you with good-quality recombinant proteins and antibodies including NES Monoclonal Antibody.

New treatment target of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes

A team led by researchers at the University of California School of Medicine was able to reverse diabetes insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance by eliminating protein galectin-3 (Gal3) in obese diabetic mouse models and using recombinant human proteins.

By binding to the insulin receptor on the cell, Gal3 prevents insulin from binding to the receptor-induced insulin resistance. A team led by Professor Jerrold Olefsky, professor of endocrine and metabolic medicine from the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, showed that by gene deletion Gal3 or using a drug inhibitor, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance can be restored even in older mice normal. However, obese mice remained unchanged.

"This study used Gal3 as a program target for insulin resistance and diabetes in the mouse model," said Olefsky, senior director of the study, a deputy director of scientific research. "Our findings suggest that Gal3 inhibition in the human body may be an effective treatment for diabetes."

Olefsky and other researchers have been studying how chronic tissue inflammation leads to type 2 diabetes insulin resistance. In an article published in a cell journal on November 3, the researchers explained that inflammation needs to disrupt the specific exclusive macrophages of target cells. For example, in obese adipose tissue (fat), 40% of the cells are macrophages. Macrophages also secrete lactose lectin - 3, and then as a signal protein to attract more macrophages, resulting in more Gal3 production.

In addition, the researchers identified the source of bone marrow macrophages that are the source of insulin resistance that leads to insulin resistance. More importantly, the researchers found that Gal3 is secreted by macrophages and can lead to insulin resistance independent of inflammation in the liver, adipocytes and muscle cells.

Gal3 has been linked to other diseases. Olefsky would continue to study Gal3 depletion that may serve as a target for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and heart and liver fibrosis. By the way, Flarebio offers high-quality recombinant proteins and antibodies such as PODXL Monoclonal Antibody.

Three novel host genes essential for HIV infection through CRISPR gene editing technologies

A study published in Nature Genetics shows that US scientists have identified three novel host genes that are essential for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection through CRISPR / Cas9 gene editing technologies and recombinant human proteins, providing potential treatment target for HIV infection.

On December 19, a research team from the Whitehead Institute, the Broad Institute and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology published a study on Nature and Genetics that using CRISPR / Cas9 to screen for novel host genes that were essential for HIV infection. The lack of these genes will make the host cell resistant to HIV infection, but it will not affect the normal function of cells.

AIDS is a very harmful infectious disease from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HIV can attack the body's immune system and greatly damage the immune system, the most important CD4 T lymphocytes, blocking the immune process and leading to the immune system paralysis. Then the body is susceptible to various diseases and malignant tumors, and the mortality is high. The current anti-HIV drug targeting virus protein, because HIV mutation speed is very fast, so it is very easy to show drug-resistant HIV virus. It is difficult to develop HIV-specific vaccine. Therefore, the development of new drugs to target the host genes necessary for HIV infection is a potential method for the treatment of AIDS.

Researchers used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology to establish a T cell bank. In this T cell bank, the researchers targeted more than 18,500 genes based on the CRISPR-Cas9 method, and most of these genes were human protein-coding genes. When these genes were inactivated one after the other, the team used HIV to infect T cells and screened genes that could induce cell resistance to HIV infection and did not affect the normal functioning of cells.

Finally, through a large-scale screening, the research team received a total of five essential HIV genes for HIV infection. The two genes, CD4 and CCR5, were found to be closely related to HIV infection in previous studies. There are three new host genes identified, TPST2 and SLC35B2 are the genes encoding enzyme and can be modified by CCR5 and HIV binding; ALCAM involves in cell adhesion. In subsequent functional trials and experiments in normal T cells, the team found that when CD4-positive T cells were infected with low concentrations of HIV, ALCAM deletion could allow T cells to be immunized against HIV infection. Through the validation of these three genes, the researchers pointed out that these three genes are expected to become a new target for the treatment of HIV infection.

Through the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technique, this study screened new host genes that are essential for HIV infection, providing a potential therapeutic target for HIV infection and providing a new direction for the development of new drugs for HIV / AIDS. The researchers believe that this method also applies to the identification of other viral pathogens therapeutic targets. CRISPR / Cas9 gene editing technology has shown great potential in a range of gene therapy applications. We also look forward to early adoption of CRISPR / Cas9 technology to treat AIDS, bringing gospel to AIDS patients! Flarebio offers superior recombinant proteins and antibodies such as NES Monoclonal Antibody for your research.

The small molecule inhibitors of some biogenic enzymes are effective for gliomas

A paper published in the Journal of Cancer Research lists the results of studies on gliomas: 1) identification of biogenic enzymes associated with gliomas; 2) a mechanism for the regulation of such enzymes; 3) by using a mouse model of gliomas, it is shown that the small molecule inhibitors they develop are effective for gliomas. More research involving recombinant rat proteins should be conducted.

Such GA11 inhibitors retain a core structure similar to that of natural inhibitors of biological enzymes; however, such inhibitors have been modified to allow them to pass through the blood-brain barrier.

"In principle, these features make GA11 a candidate for treatment of gliomas," Dr. Ichiro Nakano said.

Nakano is a professor of neurosurgery at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, and he and other researchers are further pre-clinical evaluation of GA11 and its analogues.

"Polymorphic glioblastoma (GBM) is a class of highly lethal tumors. Over the past 30 years, little progress has been made to increase the average survival of patients from five months to 15 to 16 months," Nakano said.

GBM tumors are a class of mixed cell tumors. A small amount of gliomas stem cells induce GBM tumorigenicity, so these stem cells become the primary goal of treatment. Nakano and colleagues infer that determining the regulatory mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells activity may develop new and effective treatments. Flarebio offers good-quality recombinant proteins and antibodies like PODXL Monoclonal Antibody.

Anti-Zika virus protein is expected to suppress AIDS

Recently, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of System Medicine, Suzhou Institute of System Medicine (referred to as "the system") has published a research result with the University of California, Los Angeles and other institutions. The researchers found through recombinant human proteins that protein Cholesterol-25-Hydroxylase (CH25H) and its enzymatic reaction product, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), had a definitive protective effect on the disease caused by Zika virus infection and was expected to inhibit Ebola Viruses, HIV and so on. The results have been published by the internationally renowned journal Immunity.

Zika virus broke out in Brazil and other countries in the United States from 2015 and is still a global threat to human health. China has also reported dozens of cases of imported Zika cases. Once pregnant women infected with Zika virus, it may lead to fetal development abnormalities, neonatal head disease and other neurological diseases. There is currently no effective therapy for the Zika virus, nor through the clinical trial of the vaccine.

According to Dr. Li Chunfeng, who participated in the research system, as early as in 2013, Chinese and American scientists discovered the broad-spectrum antiviral effect of 25-hydroxycholesterol. After the outbreak of the Zika virus, the system responded to the national call and the Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Genetics and Development and the University of California, Los Angeles and other institutions carried out joint research on the cholesterol-25-hydroxy.

Cholesterol-25-hydroxylase is an interferon-stimulating gene whose gene expression product allows the cholesterol to be oxidized to produce 25-hydroxycholesterol. Through the experiment, the researchers found that 25-hydroxy cholesterol can directly block the virus into the cell process, including a variety of insect vector yellow viruses have a broad spectrum of antiviral activity including Zika virus. Researchers used the mouse model of the Zika virus infection and rhesus animal model and found that 25-hydroxy cholesterol treatment can significantly inhibit the virus in vivo replication and can effectively prevent the occurrence of microcephaly.

Professor Cheng Genhong, who participated in the study, said that 25-hydroxycholesterol was the first small molecule to be found in the monkey to inhibit the replication of the Zika virus and was the first compound to prevent the microcephaly caused by infection of the virus.

"Theoretically, it may have the same effect on the human body. Our next step is to begin clinical trials to verify the effectiveness of 25-hydroxy cholesterol on the human body," Cheng Genhong said. The system will also examine the antiviral effect of 25-hydroxycholesterol derivatives and look for substances that are more effective in suppressing Zika virus infection.

In addition, based on 25-hydroxy-cholesterol broad-spectrum antiviral effect, Chinese and American scientists have experimentally confirmed that 25-hydroxy cholesterol can inhibit Ebola virus, AIDS and so on. The two sides will continue to cooperate to apply it to the prevention and treatment of new viral diseases, which will provide new programs for effective prevention and treatment of viral infectious diseases. Flarebio provides you with good-quality recombinant proteins and antibodies such NES Monoclonal Antibody.