2016年8月24日星期三

Pathogenic proteins are not always "bad thing"

In recent years, through research using recombinant horse proteins, some scientists have speculated that aggregation of protein in cells typically plays an active role. Biochemistry Professor Yves Barral ETH Zurich and his research team indicated in 2013 that the memory experiences of yeast cells which takes the form of protein aggregation is related to the unsuccessful experiences related to the attempts of sexual reproduction. These aggregates are not the same with newly-found protein aggregates related to aging. Thus these aggregates can be molecular memory of yeast cells. Even in mice, prion-like aggregates also show a positive correlation with memory. A few months ago, US scientists proved that mice having such aggregates in nerve cells showed a more stable long-term memory.

No matter whether such age-related protein aggregates is originally a fault or a normal function of healthy cells, it is a matter of science for Barral - in which philosophy also plays a role. "Our western society understands aging mainly on the negative, it is a disease that needs to confront the disease," he said. "This idea is reflected in the work of many scientists. The focus of aging research is to find defects in cells." While another view is that the newly-discovered aggregates are the information and memory storages of cells.

"We are still a relatively-small group of scientists who think that protein aggregates are not pathological - they are neither accidental nor defects," Barral said. In contrast, these proteins aggregate because of their normal functions. Diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases only happen when the system becomes unbalanced and too many prion-like proteins aggregate at the wrong sites in cells. Barral continued, "Aging has two sides: you die at the end of life process, which is the negative side; but you die when you are awake. While Alzheimer's disease probably starts well but ends badly."

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