Japanese scientists use iPS cells to repair muscular dystrophy gene

Japanese researchers in the United States the latest edition of "Stem Cell Report," the author says, they use induced pluripotent stem cells, successfully repaired the trigger genes that cause muscular dystrophy. This achievement is expected to facilitate the development of a method to improve the symptoms of muscular dystrophy.

Muscular dystrophy is a genetic damage to human muscle diseases, because the body can not produce supporting muscle protein structure, the patient becomes unable to sports, there is almost no effective treatment.

Muscular dystrophy is a common form of muscular dystrophy. The disease due to genetic mutation, leading to maintain muscle structure essential in the synthesis of dystrophin stops midway, and the incidence of abnormal proteins. Occur in patients with decreased muscle strength and muscle atrophy symptoms. Human epidermal growth factor receptor ELISA Kit  http://www.cusabio.com/html/product/CSB-E12124h.html is difficult to aim only causative gene without harming other genes.

Because iPS cells can be reproduced in vitro symptoms of the disease, researchers at Kyoto University in Japan were collected from patients with muscular dystrophy skin cells, iPS cells were cultured. By identifying the genetic structure of the research team, successfully repaired iPS cell disease genes, and genes other than the target gene are no major damage and change. Until iPS cells develop into muscle cells, appeared intracellular dystrophin.

The researchers believe that this kind of normal muscle cells transplanted into the body of muscular dystrophy patients, it may improve symptoms. Next, they will continue to study how to repair a good iPS cells develop into muscle cells transplanted into the patient.

The visual observation of X chromosome inactivation

In this study, the researchers bred inducible Cre recombinase expression of a fluorescent reporter protein --- green fluorescent protein (green fluorescent protein, GFP) in the nucleus, or what is known as a red fluorescent protein tdTomato --- mice transgenic varieties. Using a mouse species each species a tissue-specific promoter to drive the expression of Cre, and the expression of GFP expressing mouse strains of mice after propagation tdTomato breed heterozygous female mice, and heterozygous females in each two X chromosomes of mice, one X chromosome from the GFP-expressing mouse strains, one from another species of mice expressing tdTomato. They analyzed the green fluorescence and red fluorescence in each cell expression of Cre found in X chromosome inactivation methods are very different between different organizations, sometimes Mouse Platelet Factor 4 ELISA Kit http://www.cusabio.com/ELISA_Kit-95923/ exhibit unique about asymmetry. Different ways of X chromosome inactivation leads to retinal vascular disease X-linked differences in the symptoms, but also cause central nervous system of biological diversity.

Nathans said, "The brain is the diversity of the really important things." He said, different gene expression patterns can help the brain process information. In this study, the researchers propose this method can be used in accordance with a variety of different ways, including the development of visualization when the mouse X chromosome inactivation observed, sorted and carry the mutation because active X chromosome in the cell and X chromosome carrying the normal cells, and compare the differences between these two types of cells in gene expression.

More news: http://www.letstradetoday.com/ads/human-osteopontin-elisa-kit/

Progress signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of lymphoma cells

Mantle cell lymphoma (mantle ceul_ymphoma, MCL) accounts for about 6% B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, tumor cells derived from lymph nodes or primary follicular mantle zone of naive B cells, pathological types can be divided into classic type, small cell type, the mother and pleomorphic cell type. They have different growth characteristics and gene expression profiles.

Phenotype characterized by the expression of CD5 and B cell-associated antigens CD20, CD22, CD79, and strong expression of IgM IgD, but the lack of CD23, CD10 and expression of Bcl-6. Most of MCL patients showed aggressive clinical course, but recent studies have found that a small number of patients with MCL is inert clinical course, longer median overall survival of these patients.

Reproducibility has been reported cytogenetic abnormalities including 9p21.3,11q22.23 and 22q11.22 deletions, and 10p11.23 and 13q31-3 amplification, and P16, mutated ATM, CHEK2 and P53 in MCL patients also plays an important role.

As a cell signaling pathway necessary for life activities regulatory mechanisms in the biological behavior of tumor cells plays an important role. Gene expression profiling studies have found that at different stages of normal B cell development, gene expression levels related signaling pathways is insignificant, they are in B cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis plays an important role.

In the MCL. These signaling pathways associated with abnormal expression of genes but, MCL and is closely related to the occurrence and development. Therefore, raising awareness of these signaling pathways, Human Osteopontin ELISA Kit http://www.cusabio.com/ELISA_Kit-105826/ will help us to have a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of MCL.

Severe hemophilia gene therapy

In this study, the participants received a third dose of gene therapy, using a modified adeno-associated virus (AAV) 8 as a carrier, transfer of genetic material producing Factor IX. Carrier single injection into the arm of each participant in a peripheral vein.

With severe hemophilia B, all 10 men, after receiving gene therapy, Factor IX levels are elevated, and remained stable in more than four years. Overall, spontaneous bleeding episodes decreased by 90%. In the first 12 months after the investigation based therapy, the use of Factor IX replacement therapy reduced by approximately 92%.

Receiving the highest dose of 6 subjects, levels of coagulation proteins from normal level (less than 1%), increased by 5% or more. This increase makes them into a serious illness from mild to enable participants to participate in sports, such as football, without having Factor IX replacement therapy does not increase the risk of bleeding.

Receiving the highest dose of 6 patients, 4 patients with increased liver enzymes, may be due to an immune response to the carrier. These people have no symptoms or stay healthy, after Human Interleukin 6 ELISA Kit http://www.cusabio.com/html/product/CSB-E04638h.html, their liver enzymes returned to normal range.

Hemophilia B is a mutant Factor IX gene causes that can lead to low levels of coagulation proteins important risk. The disease affects about 30,000 individuals among a majority of men. The disease is characterized by Factor IX levels less than 1 percent of normal for these patients, scrapes and collisions will lead to medical emergencies. Spontaneous bleeding episodes of pain that can lead to severe joint damage early, increasing the risk of potentially fatal brain hemorrhage.

In this paper, the senior author Dr. Andrew Davidoff St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Surgery, said: "This study provides the first evidence that this gene therapy has long-term safety and efficacy so far, these results by dramatically reducing the risk of bleeding. of life study participants had a significant impact. "

In this paper, first author and corresponding author Amit Nathwani added: "We have reported data, marking a model of hemophilia B treatment changes, and for the treatment of bleeding disorders such major basis of these results, it is. development of such gene transfer methods, for the treatment of other diseases (from other congenital clotting defects such as hemophilia a, to metabolic birth defects, such as phenylketonuria), provides a solid platform. "

Before gene therapy, 70% of patients at least once a week to accept the Factor IX replacement therapy to prevent bleeding episodes. Others according to need replacement therapy to stop the bleeding.

Since participating in the trial, seven patients who had finished the regular four injections of Factor IX. Despite the increase of physical activity, but no one spontaneous bleeding. Nathwani said: "Some of the patients within four years of the time do not need clotting factor, which has changed their lives." Researchers estimate that these study participants accepted Factor IX replacement therapy overall spending more than $ 2.5 million .

Factor IX is usually produced by hepatocytes. AAV8 was selected as the carrier, because the virus can infect liver cells, but does not cause disease in humans or integrate into human DNA. This study is limited in patients with no previous AAV8 infection, to eliminate the need for immunosuppressive drug, such that the carrier of the immune system from possible attacks.

Direct link DNA repair and cancer

BRCA2 germline mutations in the cells is increased susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer, the cells of the BRCA2 function may have been many studies. BRCA2 have been found with the RAD51 protein interactions, and regulation of its function, the function of DNA repair and recombination RAD51 about. Their interaction on the physiological activity of cells.

Tom Blundell, Ashok Venkitaraman and colleagues reported in Nature BRCA2 structural basis for the regulation of RAD51. They describe the BRCA2 BRC4 (BRC repeat 4), and the RAD51 homeodomain of RecA formed crystal structure of the complex. They reported BRC repeated RAD51 conserved domains are very similar, thereby BRCA2 can modulate the activity of RAD51.

When mammalian cells, DNA is damaged, RAD51 damage at the end of the formation of DNA oligomer, a nucleic acid-protein complex formation for DNA repair is required. The researchers compared the composite structure and RAD51 homolog of bacterial RecA BRCA2-RAD51 and BRCA2 complexes formed. They found that the sequences have a sequence BRC4 a conserved sequence of RecA very similar, they may also be speculated RAD51 through a similar mechanism BRC4 phase separation. Human Testoterone ELISA Kit http://www.cusabio.com/ELISA_Kit-107004/ from bacteria to humans, are very conservative, it also shows a general mechanism acting on the BRCA2 protein-DNA repair.

Finally, the researchers found that the tumor was found BRCA2 mutations can cause previously have affected its interaction with RAD51 and RAD51 which leads to DNA damage can not be repaired. This important discovery for the treatment of cancer drug development accordingly provides a new way of thinking.

Shanghai Life Science epicardial progenitor cells

Epicardial fat surrounds the heart and coronary vessels is a visceral fat to cushion the heart protective effect also increases the risk of coronary heart disease, and coronary atherosclerosis, heart disease, there is a high correlation while the sources of these fats are still unknown.

Located in the heart cells of the outermost layer is a group of epicardial progenitor cells having pluripotency, research to date found to differentiate into fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells or myocardial cells, but its ability to be converted into Mouse Free Tri-iodothyronine Indes ELISA Kit http://www.cusabio.com/ELISA_Kit-79135/ rarely have been reported. Research to explore the origins of epicardial fat may provide new research directions and ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease.

In this study, doctoral student under the guidance of Zhou Bin Liu Qiaozhen and other researchers, the use of transgenic mice Wt1-CreERT2; Rosa-RFP, specific markers to track the fate of epicardial cell development. The results showed that embryonic cells labeled epicardial coronary vessels in addition to differentiate into smooth muscle cells than fat cells can also be formed between the atrioventricular heart. However, in the adult epicardial Shique again labeled this phenomenon was not observed, indicating that the ability of the outer membrane into the fat body into the center of the steady state is suppressed. Previous studies have shown that adult cardiac injury, the epicardial cells can re-stimulate the embryonic development of some of the features, differentiate into other cell types. Therefore, further study of the work under the change of heart damage epicardial cells into fat cells, the ability, the results of the accident found that the formation of fatty tissue injury site, while some of the fat cells is derived from the epicardium. The study also found that the cells derived from epicardial and are pluripotent, and under different culture conditions may be induced into adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts.

The research work is the remainder of the eagle and nutrition researcher, segment wins Chung Fellow at Harvard University Medical School professor William Pu, Juan Melero-Martin collaboration professor and get the Ministry of Science, NSFC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Science and Technology Commission and other financial support.

Longevity gene SIRT1 uncover the secret of eternal youth

Research team Shin-ichiro Imai professor at Washington University School of Medicine, led the show, SIRT1 activation of neural activity in specific regions of the hypothalamus to induce skeletal muscle dramatic physical changes and prolong life. Research published in the journal Cell Metabolism.

Professor Shin-ichiro Imai said the skeletal structure of the brain SIRT1 gene expression in aged mice and young mice are similar to 21-month-old mice (equivalent to 70 human years) looks like a 5-month-old mice as active. Previous studies show that the control diet, a low intake of calories can prolong life. But SIRT1 play in the aging process, an important role in the specific mechanism is not clear. Therefore, Shin-ichiro Imai professor team decided to study this.

Researchers designed a two transgenic mice overexpressing can SIRT1 protein: a mouse in body tissues overexpressed SIRT1 protein, while the other group only in the brain of mice overexpressing SIRT1 protein.

Control their diet study found that only brain overexpression SIRT1 ( Human islet cell antibody ELISA Kit http://www.cusabio.com/ELISA_Kit-114618/ ) transgenic mice, although diet freedom, but has shown to delay aging and life extension and other signs, these signs are just like normal mice when feeding structure shown.

United States on RYGB may reduce diabetes risk factors

Recent studies have shown that Roux-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) can quickly reduce the hyperglycemia associated with type II diabetes. Indeed, to accept RYGB obese diabetic patients even before their weight loss can often stop taking their medication. However, mechanisms to achieve reversal of diabetes in these patients has been unclear.

It was suggested, RYGB may cause intestinal hormone cycle - that is, change those in the brain have been told to eat after eating hormone.

However, in this report, the researchers introduced a related RGBY is how to induce a beneficial efficacy in diabetic patients a new perspective. In doing RYGB surgery, the stomach is divided into an upper portion of the assembly is small food pouch and a large number of the lower portion of the food can no longer build the pouch. Only a small pouch and the lower part of the intestine - specifically, small intestine - connected. However, the small intestine first surgical approach to what is known as "Roux loop" Y-type rearrangement.

Some recent studies in rodents and humans showed that after the RYGB procedure, Roux loop will experience a change in size will be extended. Growth in this sense is not clear.

The researchers assumed that build Roux loop and the morphological changes they experienced on blood glucose in patients with diabetes reduce RYGB has a direct role in suggesting undigested food will enter it, trigger it extended, while Roux loop through uptake of glucose and gather energy to sustain this expansion, so that glucose in the blood leaving fewer. This process represents a reprogramming of glucose metabolism, which is a loop structure in terms of Lu's unique process.

To test their hypothesis, the researchers in obese rats did Roux loop RYGB surgery and RYGB treated rats in the control group of rats with metabolic profile corresponding bowel metabolic activity were compared.

They found that the intestinal glucose RYGP treated rats in a way that would be like in a non-diabetic patients with metabolic; it will enter into the decomposition pathways capable of producing the desired tissue expansion matrix. But in the intestine without transformation of the control group of rats is not the case, these rats glucose will stay in the blood.

These findings confirmed the researchers' hypothesis that RYGB beneficial effect on diabetic patients due to change in the Roux loop glucose metabolism. ( Rat Free Thyroxine ELISA Kit http://www.cusabio.com/ELISA_Kit-79272/ )

However, if that is the case, these findings may give new diabetes treatment, paving the way, that is, by changing the intestinal metabolism that occur after RYGB to replace the use of invasive gastric bypass surgery methods.

Latest Cell Research RNAs and small molecules associated protein

South Korean famous female scientist Narry Kim graduated from Seoul National University, worked in the University of Oxford, and the University of Pennsylvania study in the US study, then returned to Seoul National University, this year was only exceptional promotion to full professor, and selected Cell editorial ranks the scientist young, but in a small rnas research successes.

Professor Narry Kim Research Group recently published a review article in the journal Cell, describes small molecules RNAs, as well as the latest research progress of its associated proteins. RNAs and small molecules in vivo associated proteins have different modified forms, these modifications will affect the abundance of small molecules and functional RNAs, some of which have also been modified regulation of cell signal, and therefore has important implications for the regulation of rna dynamics of silence.

Recent research group Professor Narry Kim also published the results of another study: by Drosophila and human hepatocytes identified a gene regulating the body grow works.

The researchers found that the general shape of the fruit flies are carrying miRNA miR-8, but the size is very small flies who do not have this miRNA. They believe that miR-8 to participate in insulin signaling by inhibiting the core gene, so that normal body growth. The researchers implanted human miR-8 small larva inside the body, found that the larvae grow into normal Drosophila body size.

The body which also has to play the same role as the Drosophila miRNA. Researchers mentioned, cell size and miRNA workload in human liver cells proportional shape. If the insulin signaling problems, it is easy to suffer from diabetes and cancer. Another study results showed that insulin signaling regulate body aging.

Last year, Professor Narry Kim Research Group study also micrornA on self-regulation functions to make new progress, microRNA is a key factor regulating cell function, in addition to regulating cell function has an important role outside, microRNA itself also needs to be strictly regulated party can play its due role. Lin28, a multifunctional factor, is reported to have reduced let-7 miRNA functions, Lin28 mediated end Let-7 precursor of uridine, thereby blocking the processing of Dicer and the mature let-7. However, the molecular mechanism of this process is unclear.

Researchers coprecipitation by Human Interleukin 18 ELISA Kit (http://www.cusabio.com/html/product/CSB-E07450h.html), demonstrate an unusual Poly (A) polymerase -TUT4, the involvement of the enzyme in the Lin-28 is coupled to pre-let-7 while still blocking its maturity.

In vitro tests found, TUT4 in Lin28 help, you can pre-let-7 were uridine-oriented. TUT4 knockout mouse embryonic stem cells let-7 expression levels rise, eventually lost pluripotency. The authors found that this interaction occurs in the GGAG motif, the motif is present in the ring portion of the pre-let-7. Other miRNA precursor bearing this motif, it may be Lin28 / TUT4 be pathway of uridine. The findings on stem cells and cancer biology research has a very important significance.

Japanese scholars achieve the ultimate dream of Systems Biology

Japan's RIKEN and Tokyo University scientists will be organized decolorization and combine light cut fluorescence microscope imaging a variety of organs and the whole organism, has been extremely detailed internal images. The results published in this issue of the journal Cell.

Understanding of life's modus operandi is always the ultimate dream of systems biology. The tissues and organisms transparent and accurate imaging of single-cell resolution, will become a new way to achieve this dream. Maybe you will choose a good Mouse Cystatin C ELISA Kit from:http://www.cusabio.com/ELISA_Kit-73147/

In this study, the researchers used a method called CUBIC, and they have used this method before imaging the entire brain. Lipid-rich brain tissue more easily transparent, but in many other parts of the body can absorb light containing chromophore (chromophore), such as heme-heme. Heme is a vital component of hemoglobin present in the vast majority of the body tissues, and will block the light.

CUBIC need to use reagent fixed tissue, it is not used for living organisms. However, CUBIC can help people understand the 3D structure of the organ, as well as the expression of specific genes in different tissues, the first author Kazuki Tainaka said. "Our approach can be almost transparent body pups and adult mice. With this technology people can observe the organization of the cellular network, which is a fundamental challenge to the field of biology and medicine."

"CUBIC can be used for 3D pathological studies, anatomy studies and immunohistochemical analysis of the entire organism. For example, you can use CUBIC observe the development of the embryo at the cellular level, or the development of cancer and autoimmune diseases. In-depth understanding course of the disease will help us to develop new therapeutic strategies. at the single cell level whole-body imaging, is expected to achieve the ultimate dream of the field of systems biology, "the study's leader Hiroki Ueda said.

The research team is being further improved microscopic imaging method for fast imaging of the human brain and even the whole body of adult mice. They hope that through this technology, in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of autoimmune diseases and mental illness.

Preoperative supplement VD reduce the risk of thyroid cancer

According to the latest study of 2014 meeting of the American Thyroid Association (ATA), preoperative vitamin D deficiency significantly increased the risk of thyroid cancer patients rows total thyroidectomy and central compartment neck dissection (CCND) postoperative hypocalcemia before surgery is recommended for oral vitamin D, so that preoperative vitamin D deficiency in thyroid cancer patients were symptomatic hypocalcemia risk minimization.

Although vitamin D deficiency had been with Graves' disease and toxic multi-nodular goiter patients with total thyroidectomy postoperative hypocalcemia related, but its role in patients with thyroid cancer is unclear.

Korea Severance Hospital, Kee-Hyun Nam, MD, led the research team of 267 cases underwent total thyroidectomy and thyroid cancer CCND conducted a survey in which 73 cases defined as preoperative vitamin D deficiency (Mouse TNFRSF1B ELISA Kit http://www.cusabio.com/cusabio-109389/), the remaining 194 cases of normal (vitamin D levels ≥10ng / ml).

Postoperative incidence of symptomatic hypocalcemia, vitamin D deficiency preoperative patient group than in the control group (43.8% vs 30.4%, P = 0.043). According to the demand for intravenous infusion of calcium, low postoperative serum parathyroid hormone levels (<15pg / ml) was the strongest predictor of hypocalcemia (P <0.001). But a predictor of preoperative vitamin D deficiency is symptomatic hypocalcemia (P <0.007), the odds ratio was 3.00.

Postoperative patients with low thyroid hormone levels, and if they are also vitamin D deficiency, will show a significantly higher proportion of symptomatic hypocalcemia (77.5% vs 53.2% of non-deficient group, P = 0.008).

Gefitinib can improve survival in patients with esophageal cancer

Recently, the National Cancer Institute Cancer (NCRI) conference, researchers from the University of Aberdeen, said through research, the latest drug for treatment of lung cancer can make special esophageal cancer patient survival was significantly prolonged. Patients with esophageal body up to sixth in the tumor cells are able to find copies of EGFR, and patients often by taking drugs gefitinib to targeting the "wrong", and then the patient life expectancy can be extended to six months, sometimes even longer.

Antineoplastic Gefitinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, which has been approved in Japan, the US and Australia and many other countries for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer; esophageal cancer as the most common of the six one of malignant disease, its cause no obvious early symptoms often makes specific clinical diagnosis in most patients found to have advanced, only about 10% 5-year survival rate.

This study used therapies for the treatment of malignant esophageal first chemotherapy failed, and Human TSH ELISA Kit http://www.cusabio.com/cusabio-110365/ can effectively improve the survival of patients; while it is also an effective treatment for targeted therapies for other diseases; researchers in this study the test is named "TRANS-COG", researchers from 295 deceased patients with esophageal cancer in tumor samples organism extra copies of EGFR gene finding in the trial; 48 additional copies of the EGFR patients the body's tumor cells, accept gefitinib-treated patients, 13% of individuals have survived for at least a year, while placebo-treated individual survival time is not long.

The use of gefitinib treatment of patients do not carry the extra EGFR no obvious improvement in their survival, which shows, EGFR detection can identify acceptable gefitinib therapy to benefit patients with esophageal cancer; Dr. Russell Petty said this study, we first found gefitinib to effectively unresponsive to chemotherapy prolonged survival of patients with esophageal cancer, until now we therapy in the treatment of esophageal very limited, and the disease caused at least 8,000 deaths per year, while let's sad to late diagnosis of the patient tends to reduce the success of their treatment.

Researchers believe there are 16 percent of esophageal cancer patients will benefit because of gefitinib imatinib, finally, Professor Matt Seymour said that despite the improvement of gefitinib on survival in patients with relatively modest, but this study is to develop a new type of cancer treatment special therapy has taken an important step; scientists in the development of specific treatment of digestive cancer therapy has made certain achievements, but still difficult to deal with esophageal cancer, only 13% of the survival of patients greater than or equal to 5 years, if the drug gefitinib accurate targeting in patients with esophageal cancer, then it will be a very promising drug.

Gene sequencing: a new method of TB diagnosis

UK and Gambia researchers have developed a new method to diagnose tuberculosis (TB), this method uses Illumina's MiSeq system sputum DNA was directly sequenced to detect and identify mycobacteria, rather require time-consuming laboratory culture.

The study, published in the September 23 on "PeerJ" open-access journal. It is composed of microbial genomics, Dr. Warwick Medical School Professor Mark Pallen and the British Medical Research Council in Gambia TB diagnostic laboratory director Martin Antonio guidance. CUSABIO Human AsAb ELISA Kit is a good proven method. You could buy this kit here:http://www.cusabio.com/ELISA_Kit-114542/

Professor Pallen said all along, laboratories are using traditional methods to diagnose TB, which will take several weeks or even months. "Metagenomics using the latest high-throughput sequencing technology and some intelligent bioinformatics, allows us to detect and identify the bacteria that cause TB within one to two days time, while allowing us insight into their genome sequences and belongs to the lineage, "he said.

In this study, Pallen and his team of African scientists together to jointly develop novel sequencing and analysis methods. Dr. Antonio said: "TB is still a major problem in Africa and around the world participate in the development of new diagnostic method for this deadly disease makes it exciting.."

The researchers examined the sequence of 8 TB bacteria in sputum samples, the bacteria can be assigned to seven samples of known pedigree. They also found that two samples containing M. tuberculosis in Africa (Mycobacterium africanum) sequence, which is a Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily in West Africa. The researchers used the difference lysis method for analysis of sputum samples, and then using the kit to extract DNA, and on the Illumina MiSeq platform to carry out the sequencing.

Also use the shotgun metagenomic to detect some of the material in the present and past pathogens before Pallen and colleagues. Last year, his team used a method metagenomics to determine the outbreak strain of E. coli from stool samples and found that the TB genome from 215-year history of the Hungarian mummies. Earlier this year, they also found a goat species of Brucella (Brucella melitensis) genome from the Italian island of Sardinia bones dating back 700 years, the bacteria cause brucellosis in cattle and humans appear.

PNAS: Learn row alien bacteria to develop new antibiotics

Massachusetts State University biochemist Peter Chien with the University of California, Berkeley research team by regulating protein degradation to specific destruction of key proteins, in order to rebuild the strict control of bacterial growth and division of the process itself. The study results on September 2, published online in the United States National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
All organisms using specific enzymes to selectively degrade the specific protein to alter the behavior of cells in vivo or in vitro in response to stimulation signal to the body's growth and react on the ever-changing environment. Energy-dependent protease is considered to be small at the molecular level of the machine, are present in all living organisms, but especially important in bacteria. When the situation has deteriorated, such as bacteria are antibiotic attack, energy-dependent protease precisely the point in time in the process of cell division and destruction of key proteins alternative splicing, cells stop dividing and instead committed to self-repair, spend difficulties. Thus, regulating protein degradation for bacterial virulence and disseminated is critical to understand how bacteria use energy-dependent protease in cellular and molecular level to help find a cure for infectious diseases drugs.

Cell cycle C. crescentus CtrA by activation of transcription factors required for degradation to control, but it is exactly how it works at the molecular level is still unknown. Researchers as early as 20 years ago have learned very important for protein degradation energy-dependent protease ClpXP. ClpXP usually in the cell cycle of the bacteria occur, but not always degrade CtrA, which implies the existence of a more complex regulatory mechanism. CUSABIO HUMAN ATGA ELISA KIT http://www.cusabio.com/ELISA_Kit-114554/ service measured qualitatively and quantitatively. The researchers found that the process of establishing a connection was CtrA ClpXP protease substrates and required a second messenger (help of different cell passages communicate with each other small molecule protein), and is fixed CtrA dephosphorylated adapter protein fixed ClpXP. Researchers three proteins as more than one component aptamers function together to simulate CtrA degradation in crescentus bacteria. The aptamer function only when one of the components of CpdR dephosphorylation and the other ingredients PopA link in the signaling molecule cyclic adenosine two birds (cyclic diguanylate) on. This ensures CtrA only during certain times of degradation of the bacterial cell division cycle.

Chien's research team in the future will be dedicated to finding possible as the active inhibition of bacterial virulence or prevent bacterial antibiotic against environmental pressures targeting new pathways.

Scientists unlock mystery of cell division is important

Cell division process is essential for life. Since the emergence of the Victorian era of cell biology, the final stage of cell division - the two daughter cells separated from each other in the process has been so fascinated scientists. However, in the past a very long time, to study the final step before the process of cell division that is divided into two furrow formation is extremely difficult.

Early biologists will be named this process "cytokinesis" , has been interpreted as a "cell movement" and a series of highly active and organized events. Scientists now have more understanding of proteins and their associated behavior, but there is an important puzzle remains unsolved: how cells send signals to the cleavage furrow at?

A simple reason for this lies in the blind spot: is difficult to see and detect such complex processes in living cells. Now, the system biologist at Harvard Medical School in the "Science" magazine reported that they rebuilt cytokinesis in cell-free conditions - including some of the molecular signals directing traffic. Combined with frog egg extracts and analog cell membrane lipid membrane, they constructed a cell-free system repeat furrow assembly process. Cusbaio offer SHEEP INS ELISA KIT http://www.cusabio.com/ELISA_Kit-84822/ for use in common research applications. Each SHEEP INS ELISA KIT is fully covered by our Guarantee+, to give you complete peace of mind and the support when you need it.

The cell-free system has two great advantages: it expands the size of the event furrow constructed so that they become easier to observe, and to provide a simple study of the method for manipulation of related proteins. When the cells intact, it is difficult to achieve rapid removal and restoration of certain proteins were observed to change the role of the molecule for cytokinesis effect, and when the internal structure of the cells spread on a microscope slide of it becomes very easy .

The key challenge lies in cytokinesis behavior is totally dependent on the cell membrane to form a cleavage furrow - and build the cell membrane of the cell-free system must be removed. Recognizing the flat membrane can be controlled using a glass composed of two layers of lipids manually, instead of bending, the complex membrane constantly moving, making it possible to work in this study.

New analysis for single nucleotide polymorphisms of the tenomodulin

Scientists have long known from clinical trials that tenomodulin is a member of a family of kind II transmembrane glycoproteins. It's expressed in animal tissue and at lower levels in the eye and thymus. Tenomodulin is processed in vivo which the proteolytically cleaved C-terminal domain is found in sinew extracts. Loss of tenomodulin expression in gene targeted mice abated tenocyte proliferation and diode to a reduced tenocyte density. Tenomodulin is a regulator of tenocyte proliferation is concerned in albuminoid fibre maturation however don't ensure in vivo involvement of tenomodulin in maturation.

Tenomodulin containing a C-terminal anti-angiogenic domain and is preponderantly expressed in tendons and ligaments. Retroviral expression of Scx resulted in the vital upregulation of tenomodulin in cultivated tenocytes, however not in chondrocytes. The misexpression of RCAS-cScx by electroporation into the hindlimb couldn't induce the generation of extra tendons, however did end in the upregulation of tenomodulin expression in the tendons. Tenomodulin is a late marker of sinew formation which Scx absolutely regulates tenomodulin expression in a very sinew cell lineage-dependent manner.

The sensitivity of tenomodulin elisa kit was outlined because the lowest macromolecule concentration that would be differentiated from zero. It was determined as the mean O.D worth of 20 replicates of the zero customary other by their 3 customary deviations. CUSABIO tenomodulin elisa kit( www.cusabio.com/ELISA_Kit-109456/ ) has high sensitivity and glorious specificity for detection of tenomodulin. No vital cross-reactivity or interference between Tenomodulin and analogues was discovered.

Fingerprint can be determined character, ability and genetic defects

Nowadays, online heat from the "fingerprint password", "fingerprints game." By "fingerprinting" to determine appearance was beautiful, of course, just a fun little game. But experts believe that indeed able to see the person's character and ability from fingerprints, genetic defects can be seen. If class homicide, the murderer of illness due to genetic defects, resulting in sudden confusion and murder, such person's fingerprint is very abnormal. Use fingerprints to diagnose congenital Chi Daier in medicine is now a mature approach. Fingerprint also carry family health history.

Why is there so much information logo on the fingerprint? Since fingerprints are genetic factors revealed outstanding!

A fingerprint inferred from variation mentally ill murderer

Case: One day in August 2005, two police a city in Zhejiang Industrial and Commercial Bank of a mysterious shot and killed.

After investigation determined that the police in the case of methyl acetate unsuspecting police, equipped with a pistol suddenly be knocked down, and then shot himself.

Jiamou introverted personality, good-natured, in the army had more than a dozen meritorious service award. 1988 jobs to the bank when the economic police, that work with acetic a partner. They usually extremely harmonious relationship. After love to kill, like the suspected killings, were eleven excluded.

Investigators when viewing Jiamou fingerprints, instantly stunned, his fingerprints was actually a rare height variation fingerprints, therefore concluded that he suffered from "sexual diseases the number of chromosomal abnormalities."

People suffering from such a disease, and it will suffer from male infertility. After confirmed, no more than ten years of marriage Jiamou birth, eat a lot of drugs to no avail, had adopted a child.

Investigators also informed that before the incident in a very short period of time, Jiamou parents, her parents died one after another; his wife died suddenly in a car accident; and daughters is difficult to report on the accounts; invest in stocks, partnership business, both have a loss to As he often daze, trance, answer the question ......

Accordingly can be identified, this tragedy is Jiamou due to genetic abnormalities, leading to neurological recessive congenital defects exist in the external environment is triggered under pressure, sudden temporary confusion, loss of control caused. CUSABIO also engaged in the professional customization services of Mouse ALB ELISA Kit http://www.cusabio.com/ELISA_Kit-63935/

2 fingerprint associated with nerve because they belong to the same cell development

Fingerprints are on the distal finger protruding ridge epidermis. Fingerprints and genetic and nervous system, what relevance?

Embryonic theory: After the formation of the fertilized egg will continue to grow split, one cell splits into two, two and then split into four, when the fertilized egg splits into eight cells, they begin to develop in the direction of the organ. Then cells were divided into three layers, the outermost layer of the major developments for the two organs, one of the nervous system, and the other is the skin.

In other words, the skin and nervous system are both ectodermal system is determined by the same type of cells (ectodermal) in embryonic three months time, the role of genes, at the same time, with the speed of formation and development, striae (including fingerprints) is the outward manifestation of nervous system development, and higher nervous activity has a close relationship.

As can be seen on three fingerprint character and ability

Case: All-Russian Institute of Physical Kinematics Lab humans from many years ago, it is required to provide fingerprints Olympic athletes. The reference fingerprint expert to determine whether an athlete has to adapt to a particular sport.

What fingerprint reference value? Fingerprint doctrine: "The fingerprint someone's character, ability information."

Fingerprint most common is "fighting" and "Kei", in addition to other miscellaneous lined bow-shaped pattern.

Fiber problems with a tumor suppressor protein

Polydactyly, infertility, obesity, retinal degeneration, polycystic kidney disease, these seemingly unrelated diseases has been confirmed the scientific community, and the human cells are called "cilia" structure is closely related to abnormal.

"Cytoskeleton and disease," Task Force Nankai University Professor Zhou Jun, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Biology, led the discovery of new mechanisms of cilia occur: Tumor cell cilia formation process called "CYLD" inhibitory proteins play a a key role. After repeated tests, the research team to map out the full path CYLD protein regulation of cilia occurred. Recently, the "Cell Research," published online this outcome.

Dr. Yang Yunfan group members said the latest study found that the reason why malignant proliferation of tumor cells, and its surface abnormal cilia can not perceive external signals are closely related. Research group found that knockdown gene synthesis CYLD protein, mice appeared much toe, skin and kidneys classic original cilia, trachea motile cilia and sperm flagella defects "fiber illnesses" disease, cilia length, the number was significantly cut back. SEM analysis showed that, CYLD not only helps cilia base located in the cell membrane, but also for the substrate and the axial filament organization is very important.

On the one hand, CYLD promote Cep70 deubiquitination, it interacts with the γ-tubulin, thereby helping Cep70 located in the center of the body; on the other hand, CYLD inhibition of HDAC6 activity and increased levels of acetylated tubulin. CUSABIO can provide customers with high-quality Mouse AMBP ELISA Kit, buy it here: http://www.cusabio.com/ELISA_Kit-64187/