Air pollution has great threat to heart

New research shows that air pollution may worsen heart disease risk factors, especially for diabetics. The first author of the study, Maayan Yitshak Sade at Ben-Gurion University and the University Medical Center Suoluo Ka said, "We found the relevance between exposure to moderate air pollution and increase of cholesterol level. This suggests that the accumulation of exposure to air pollution during lifetime may lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

The researchers analyzed 600,000 blood samples collected from 73 000 adults in southern Israel from 2003 to 2012. All participants were smokers or had been diagnosed with diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure or with too low/high blood fat. 3 months before taking blood sampling, they had higher exposure to air pollution and had higher level of blood sugar, high LDL bad cholesterol and blood fat; lower level of good cholesterol HDL than people with low exposure level.

Generally, the link between air pollution and these heart disease risk factors on people with diabetes is more significant. However, besides taking insulin, other antidiabetic drugs also showed a protective effect. The study has been published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism on May 24.

Dr. Victor Novack at Suoluo Ka University Medical Center and Ben-Gurion University said although the impact of air pollution on metabolic cardiovascular risk is relatively small, the continuity of exposure to air pollution and the number of people affected by it need our attention. Even minor changes of blood sugar level and glycemic control may also increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

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Some heart diseases show no typical symptoms

A new study recently published in Circulation showed that asymptomatic heart disease is equally fatal and not all heart diseases show chest pain or some other typical symptoms.

As we all know, a typical example of a heart attack is chest tightness, squeezing chest pain, and some pain will appear in the shoulder, arm, neck, back, teeth, jaw and other parts. Stomach pains, shortness of breath, dizziness, sweating, nausea, and anxiety are also common symptoms. In fact, it does not appear when about half of patients with heart attack symptoms typical of Appeal, but the flow to the heart, nutrition, cardiac blood is decreasing, myocardial ischemia.

Because of lack of typical symptoms, the exact time is difficult to grasp the onset, doctors usually only by ECG performance can be judged. Not typical symptoms do not mean asymptomatic heart disease is not dangerous. United States Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (WFBMC) of 9498 middle-aged man carried out a study to observe the prevalence and asymptomatic heart disease risk, they found that 45% of heart disease patients with asymptomatic heart disease the mortality rate of heart disease than the typical symptoms appear three times higher, and more men than women are more prone to asymptomatic heart disease, but higher female disease severity.

Therefore, the research team recommends doctors to persuade patients to quit smoking, weight control, control blood pressure and cholesterol in the admissions of these patients.

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Scientists 3D-print blood vessel implant to treat congenital heart disease

Congenital heart disease is a very tough disease, affecting as many as the United States alone more than 40,000 newborn babies a year. Although there are some treatments make some children with congenital heart disease to get a more healthy life, but they are not universally applicable. This intermediate biggest problem is due to differences in each person's anatomical structure. Its performance is not the same out of the heart defect. By the cardiac implant grafts to treat, but requires a perfect match of the implant patient's condition - and not always feasible. In addition, current implant transplant often prone to progressive obstruction, infection, lack of negative impact on growth potential and the like. In fact, if a patient from 10 - 15 years after the case, the graft failure rate within the range of 70 to 100%.

Fortunately, the development of 3D bio-printing provides a viable alternative scheme that uses biodegradable materials for patients’ customized vascular implant. Researchers professors John Fisher at the University of Maryland and his tissue engineering and biomaterials laboratory has been working to develop a biodegradable scaffold manufacturing platform.

Although before the Heavenly agency has also been reported in several 3D printing functionality can be vessels, but these vessels are often only suitable for large organs and other tissues, it is not suitable for the heart. More importantly, the needs of patients with congenital heart disease are those implants immediately after manufacture sufficient mechanical strength.

They therefore set out to develop a functional full 3D printing acellular vascular implant. In particular, they used a biocompatible material is called a polypropylene fumarate (PPF) of. This is a biodegradable polyester, which comprises a carbon - carbon double bond, which makes it possible to establish a connection between the polymer chains - this feature makes it very suitable for 3D printing or as a functional tissue bracket. However, to make it available 3D printing, also needs to be mixed together with DEF (in accordance with 5: 4 weight ratios).

When in actual 3D printing, the research team used a DLP light curing rapid prototyping technology, they affect the data use SolidWorks software to design a 3D model based on MRI and CT, and then based on DLP technology EnvisionTEC Perfactory P4 3D printer to print out a customized vessels implant. "3D printing implants effective length of 7 mm, a width of 2 mm." The researchers added.

Ultimately, the research team found that the PPF stent can adhere well to the cell structure and verify its efficacy in mouse cardiac venous system. This proves that by resorting to 3D printing technology to develop these vascular grafts can significantly reduce the steps necessary for manufacturing the stent. More importantly, the scientists see these PPF and mechanical properties exhibit the same native vascular grafts. Therefore, they think this PPF 3D printing technology and materials in custom stent aspect great potential, and accordingly will also be of great help to patients with congenital heart disease.

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