Cancer metastasis isn't regulated by different changes of genome

Scientists have discovered dozens of genetic mutations which are associated with the cancer progression, but it seems that cancer metastasis isn't regulated by different changes of genome. Researchers from the French National Health and Medical Research (INSERM) completed the analysis of hundreds of patients with colorectal cancer, discovering that the mode of "drive" mutations is between primary tumors and metastatic tumors. The research results were published in the journal Science Translational Medicine on February 24.

The spread of cancer (also known as metastasis) can attack more human tissues, eventually leading to the collapse of the whole organism. In many cancers, cancer cell proliferation is the most deadly threat. It is often possible through surgery, drugs, chemotherapy or radiation therapy to successfully treat the primary tumor, but the cancer spread to other organs of the body once it is difficult to be curbed. Therefore, the transfer of cancer research is still looking for the ultimate cutting-edge cancer cure.

In recent years, scientists have been hoping to understand the genomic changes associated with cancer metastasis-related, but the latest study found that metastatic colorectal cancer and gene mutation does not appear, but with several immune-related changes associated, such as changes in the expression of immune genes, cytotoxic lymphocyte abundance decreased lymphatic reduction.

"Over the years has been a concern of this field of research is actually not the main reason for the clinical course of the transfer," immune from Stanford University cancer researcher Edgar Engleman (not involved in the study) says, "In fact, research direction again points to the immune response.”

French National Health and Medical Research Institute Comprehensive Cancer Immunology Laboratory head of Jérôme Galon said that what driving cancer metastasis is, we know very little. To find clues, he and his colleagues from more than 800 patients suffering from colorectal cancer, analyzing their genetic data or tissue sample, hoping to find factors associated with tumor metastasis.

They against 48 kinds of cancer-associated mutations were scanned, but the patient did not find cancer metastasis which occurs frequently, which is also published in 2008 a study in PNAS consistent results. The latter pointed out that most of these mutant genes are similar in primary tumors and metastasis. Mutation spectrum "could not explain why these cancers will be transferred happen", the author of the article, Arizona State University, Raymond DuBois said.

"Clearly, genetically altered tumor cells and is not associated with tumor metastasis show," Galon said, "In fact, the most striking conclusions on the contrary," The only mutation coincided with the non-tumor metastasis.

Although the researchers found no mutation in the mutation patterns that can explain the behavior of tumor metastasis, they found that differential expression of genes still existed between the primary tumor and metastatic tumour. Some of these genes patients with metastatic tumor in vivo reduced, while a little expression increased. Genes with decreased expression involved in the immune system, and genes with increased expression played an important role in translation, endocytosis and other cellular activity.

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