Antibodies act an important role in the diagnosis of diseases

We all know from school biology class, antibodies help us fight disease and it is an important part of our immune system. However, what many people don't know is that doctors and scientists using animals’ antibodies to identify diseased or mutant cells. It makes them an important tool for the diagnosis of diseases like cancer.

1. Binding function

Antibodies are formed in certain blood cells in response to the substances that the immune system classifies them hazardous. These so-called antigen is the location of the molecule, e.g., on the surface of the virus or bacteria. Again, the antibody binds an epitope of an antigen known as certain areas. Thus, their immune system is the signal to reduce these foreign binding.

This combination of characters is also helpful in the diagnosis: in immunohistological or immunohistochemical procedures insertion of some structure to the antibody, such as proteins, can be seen. "Since the 1970s, these programs have been used and continue to improve and expand," says Jürgen Frerichs, the head of DIANOVA GmbH, one of the established commercial enterprises in the sector.

2. The antibody targeted synthesis

In short, biotechnology companies and research institutions produce antibodies by injecting a specific antigen into a mouse, sheep or horses. Subsequent immune response can stimulate the body to produce a lot of characteristics with the antigen-binding antibodies. Then they are separated from the blood of the antibodies directly, or even to isolate specific antibody-producing blood cells extracted from a mixture of certain animals and start a complicated biotechnology processes for the production of an excess of a single antibody. Such antibodies produced are called "monoclonal" - they just issued in conjunction with a particular epitope from a single cell.

Antibodies are very small, even a microscope is not easy to see. That's why they are specially prepared for diagnosis. They combine to produce visible colorant or labeled with a fluorescent colorant enzymes. There are two ways: direct and indirect techniques. The latter works in conjunction with the first one (primary antibody) to add the bridge by another antibody (secondary antibody).

3. The antibody helps to distinguish tumor cells from each other

One example is the anti IDH1 R132H DIANOVA GmbH monoclonal antibody clone H09, wherein different brain tumors can be distinguished from each other. Originally developed by the famous German Cancer Research Center, the antibody labels glioma accounts for about 20% of all brain tumors. Glioma brain tumor differentiation from other makes launch targeted treatment and help predict the course of the disease.

4. In contrast to gene sequencing, they show multiple advantages

In using antibodies offer many advantages compared to molecular biology method for diagnosis, particularly in the diagnosis of brain tumors, when there are often fewer organizations. In addition, tissue samples in the percentage of tumor cells are a key factor. Immunohistochemistry appears to be much faster and cheaper than gene sequencing.

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