Deleting the Dicer DNA-Repair Enzyme makes cancer cells more sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs

Blocking the Dicer enzyme's activity in rapidly growing cancer cells holds back them from correct DNA damage, which makes them more sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs.

Dicer, also known as endoribonuclease dicer or RNA helicase enzymes with motifs, is an enzyme, the gene encoding the human subject DICER1. As part of a family of RNA III enzyme, Dicer cleavage of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and pre-micro RNA (miRNA precursor) into short double-stranded RNA fragments called small interfering RNA and micro RNA, respectively. In 2012, it found that, in addition to its effect on RNA, DNA damage repair enzymes have played a direct role.

Link to expand the results of DNA repair enzyme Dicer, researchers at the University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill, USA) Delete Dicer medulloblastoma, pediatric brain tumors in preclinical mouse models of common types, and from normal, rapidly dividing cells in the developing brain cerebellum.

They reported in the December 31, 2015 in online edition of the journal Cell that in the developing mouse cerebellum missing enzyme Dicer cause DNA damage, leading to the accumulation of cerebellar degeneration ancestors. Dicer deficiency disorders also lead to DNA damage and other rapidly dividing cell death, including embryonic stem cells and mouse models of medulloblastoma in malignant cerebellar progenitor cells. In the enzyme-deficient mice with medulloblastoma, tumor burden is lower than the control animals, and the cancer cells more sensitive to chemotherapy.

"This is the first enzyme of DNA damage in a specific function in brain development has been looked at or even in the case of brain tumors, despite the fact that the protein has been studied extensively," said senior author Dr. De Ximu Mohanish g, University of North Carolina professor of cell biology and physiology. "We have found that targeting enzymes may be an effective treatment to prevent the development of cancer or any tumor actually sensitive to chemotherapy. We are pleased to see these results because hint Dicer enzyme inhibitors, can be developed for the treatment of rapid potential therapeutic dividing tumor samples of medulloblastoma."

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