The molecular mechanism of ribosome backwards in the translation process of protein

January 25, Nature series Nature Structural & Molecular Biology Journal published the online the latest research results from RNA biology Qin Yan Task Force, Institute of biophysics, Chinese academy of sciences. The article, entitled EF4 disengages the peptidyl-tRNA CCA end and facilitates back-translocation on the 70S ribosome, reveals the molecular mechanism of "retrogression" of ribosomal protein translation.

Ribosomes are the protein factories translation. In the translation process, elongation factor 4 play an important catalytic function, which is a polypeptide chain elongation process of displacement enzyme, so that the ribosome back along the mRNA, thus the regulation of protein synthesis. "Ribosome retrogression" Qin Yan phenomenon was first discovered in 2006. Since this phenomenon has been reported back mechanism EF4 proteins and ribosomes become popular research scientists from various countries to study this issue triggered a global research group of dozens, including in 2006 the establishment of the Institute of Biophysics of RNA laboratory. After years of efforts, Qin Yan's research group explained the molecular mechanism of EF4, that EF4 by catalytic transfer RNA (tRNA) in the 3'-end, which was pulled back in order to achieve the ribosome. Meanwhile, the machine reason Tsinghua Gao Ning's research group has been confirmed by the method of cryo-EM structure of biology.

Over the years, Qin Yan's research group has been engaged in research ribosome movement, preliminary work explains the mechanism of the ribosome forward. The outcome is an important breakthrough in the mechanism of the ribosome obtained retrogression. The achievement is not only a major breakthrough for EF4 research, while understanding the ribosome to play an important role in the life course provides a molecular basis for further human understanding of life processes have important guiding significance. Meanwhile, seeing from the application perspective, on the basis of catalytic mechanism EF4 obtained, researchers can perform manual intervention on the translation process in prokaryotes, and thus providing a theoretical basis for the development of new antibiotics.

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