The essential role of senescent cells

Cells under certain pressure conditions will forever lose the ability to divide, a process known as cellular senescence. Cellular senescence bad reputation, although it can prevent precancerous cells, thereby inhibiting the growth of cancer, but it is also considered an important driving force of human aging. Over time accumulate senescent cells, will continue to release a series of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and proteases, build organizational environment in many diseases, such as arthritis, atherosclerosis and the elderly cancer.

Buck Institute Judith Campisi and Marco Demaria found cellular senescence in fact be beneficial in wound repair process, they identified senescent cells secrete factors promoting wound repair. The study was published recently in the journal Developmental Cell.

Now many researchers try to remove senescent cells, prevent the development of age-related diseases. And this study has important significance for them. The researchers constructed two different mouse models, one can observe in vivo and removal of senescent cells, there are two other key mutations blocking the senescence program. The researchers found that Human anti-hepatitis B virus e antibody ELISA Kit http://www.cusabio.com/ELISA_Kit-114473/ in the collagen-producing cells and vascular wall cells. These senescent cells secrete PDGF-AA to accelerate wound closure, PDGF-AA is a growth factor present in the platelet.

In blocking the aging process in mice, wound closure is greatly delayed. Researchers recombinant PDGF-AA introduction of these mice, these mice wound repair back to normal.

Studies have shown that in the process of tissue repair aging cells appear shorter, and in aging or chronic tissue senescent cells persist. In addition, in vitro cultured cells to induce senescence, PDGF-AA activation occurs at a very early period. This shows that the senescent cells beneficial or harmful, may depend on time-dependent regulation of secretion. This study suggests that in addition to preventing cancer, cellular senescence may assume more beneficial role in human life.

Reveals the roots of acute myeloid leukemia

In the small part of cancer patients, the treatment is intended to cure diseases in turn lead to a form of leukemia, a poor prognosis. The traditional view that a series of chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced genetic mutations can kill harmful cancer cells while stimulating careless acute myeloid leukemia (AML) formation.

Now a new study from the University of Washington School of Medicine, challenged the treatment of cancer is the direct cause of treatment-related AML in this view.

Studies have shown that cancer diagnosed years ago with individuals age, number of hematopoietic stem cells accumulate mutations in P53. When the formation of the cancer, the mutant cells are more resistant to treatment, and after exposure to Mouse glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody IgM ELISA Kit http://www.cusabio.com/ELISA_Kit-114807/ accelerated proliferation, which subsequently led to the AML.

Published in the December 8 "Nature" (Nature) magazine these findings for predicting which patients have a risk of developing treatment-related AML, and find some way to avoid the formation of AML has opened up new avenues of research.

In the United States each year, about 18,000 confirmed cases of AML, about two thousand of cases are due to past exposure to chemotherapy or radiation induced (Further reading: Nature released a major discovery of cancer drug resistance mechanisms). Even given active treatment, therapy-related AML is almost always fatal.

Senior author of the paper, director of the Genome Institute at Washington University Richard K. Wilson, said: "This is in contrast with doctors and scientists have long accepted the fact that it allows us to propose a new hypothesis: In patients with therapy-related AML diagnosed long before as part of the aging process P53 random mutation accumulation in some hematopoietic stem cells.

The driving mechanism of the body's uptake of glucose in the brain

Glucose is a carbohydrate component, which is also the main source of energy used by brain cells, recently, researchers from Imperial College London studied by rat identified a novel mechanism that reveals into the brain glucose content, and the ability to stimulate the brain in animals actively looking glucose absence of glucose, research published in the international Journal on JouRNAl of Clinical Investigation.

The researchers believe that this mechanism plays in favor of human-driven sugar and starchy foods in an important role, said Dr. James Gardiner, our brains rely on large amounts of glucose for energy, while glucose is an important nutrient, but in the past evolutionary process, we are difficult to obtain glucose, so we have to glucose-rich foods like deep-rooted feelings and preferences of Mouse hepatitis B virus e antigen ELISA Kit http://www.cusabio.com/ELISA_Kit-82185/ .

Article, the researchers assume that enzymes called glucokinase glucose in driving our "enthusiasm" on plays an important role, glucokinase can participate in the liver and pancreas to glucose sensing process, and the presence of glucokinase in the hippocampus, may be necessary to regulate the body's various functions, including food intake, but the specific molecular mechanism involved is not yet clear. The researcher found that when rats 24 hours without eating, the brain hippocampus appetite regulation center glucose kinase activity will be significantly increased.

When the researchers used a virus to increase the hippocampus glucokinase activity, they found that rats will give priority to food consume more glucose, and when the glucokinase activity decreased, the amount of glucose consumption would be reduced accordingly . Said Dr. Gardiner, in this study we first found in the brain of the existence of such a special nutrient reaction system, it is not just energy intake system, when we recall the time of their daily diet would think different nutrients, rather than heat.

Open source qPCR: Everyone can do DNA diagnostics

English full name is Real-time Quantitative PCR Detecting System, namely real-time quantitative nucleic acid amplification detection system, also known as gene amplification in real-time quantitative fluorescence detection system, which refers to the polymerase chain reaction PCR.

Real-time PCR thermal cycler (Real-Time PCR) is a powerful technique that can detect this type of E. coli and listeria foodborne contaminants can diagnose AIDS (HIV) and malaria such infections, currently raging Ebola virus on the African continent can also use it to help diagnose. Selective breeding of plants and animals, monitoring water quality and found that the genomic DNA mutations that may occur, these problems can be easily resolved qPCR. qPCR can help humans earlier completion of the Human Genome Project, in the near future, perhaps immortality is no longer a luxury.

However, the conventional PCR machine costs up to $ 2,000, in those places really need, it is hard to afford its high cost. In order to change this situation, Chai Biotechnologies from California begun making more Mouse Estradiol ELISA Kit http://www.cusabio.com/ELISA_Kit-75683/ . In 2010, the founder Josh Perfetto and Tito Jankowski start on Kickstarter to raise the public, and successfully delivered the world's first open-source real-time PCR thermal cycler. Today, about 800 people around the world in the PCR was required to use the. Four years later, Chai Biotechnologies again embarked on Kickstarter, this time, Josh set up an include electrical, mechanical, optical and software engineers, including a strong R & D team, and their goal is to qPCR upgrade to a more professional level, not only only copy DNA, but also to convert it into data.

The new gene knockin technology insertion of foreign genes

Recently, researchers from Hiroshima University, etc. The use of a novel gene knockin technology to achieve effective exogenous gene inserted into the genome, now the technology has been in human cells, animal models, such as frogs and the successful implementation of the silkworm, this technology not only can make the gene in cells in culture is inserted, may also be implemented in the insertion of foreign genes in various organisms. The findings are published in the journal Nature published the sub NatureCommunications.

Programmable nuclease genome editing can be realized homologous recombination-mediated gene insertion, however, the level of activity of homologous recombination in cultured cells and the majority of organisms is very low, which is the current development of homologous recombination-mediated gene insertion technology has brought some new problems.

Article, the researchers Ken-ichiT.Suzuki that we use a transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALENs), and short palindromic repeat regularly spaced by precisely into the target chromosome system (PITCh) mediated sequence gathering successfully achieved the inserted gene.

TALENs mediated PITCh donor can make an exogenous DNA can be targeted effectively integrate into human chromosomes in cells and animal models; researchers also said that the future to HUMAN ESTRADIOL ELISA KIT http://www.cusabio.com/ELISA_Kit-75680/ mediated PITCh technology might be in not carrying plasmid backbone when applied to human cells sequence studies.

PITCh system has applications in many areas, including the development of disease model cells, animal models for drug screening and therapy development; researchers said that this new gene insertion technology will increase the production efficiency of recombinant proteins useful class cultured animal cells, such as pharmaceutical materials.

In silkworm cells, this new technology can help create more award functional recombinant silk protein, the researchers said finally, PITCh system will be able to enhance the effectiveness of gene editing technology in a variety of cells, especially in those with recombination lower level cells.

Scientists influenza vaccine skin patch

Darrell Irvine, Paula Hammond et al found that the micro-needle combination with a polyelectrolyte multilayer technology, can enhance the effect of DNA vaccine delivery. This is achieved with the use of biological agents joint delivery of DNA to achieve the same effect, can increase the intake of cell nucleic acids. This "patch" of the polymer micro-needle is used on the skin, the vaccine will be loaded biodegradable polyelectrolyte film implanted skin surface. Contact with the skin layer of the polymer is dissolved will occur in the application process, so that the micro needle can be removed quickly and easily. Implanted film is released DNA and immunostimulatory RNA into the skin, the duration of the release process is adjustable from a few days to several weeks.

Such multi-layer technique using micro needles triggered immune responses can greatly exceed the direct injection of DNA vaccine. In addition, such a patch containing micro needles can be stored for several weeks at room temperature dry environment without loss of activity. Because it does not require refrigeration technology and Monkey Insulin ELISA Kit http://www.cusabio.com/ELISA_Kit-84817/ embedded biological agents can remain active for a long time, therefore, the vaccine is very suitable for worldwide patch delivery.

Anticholesterol rosuvastatin not associated with reduced risk for fractures

Treatment with the anticholesterol medicine rosuvastatin calcium did not reduce the risk of fracture among men and women who had elevated levels of an inflammatory biomarker, according to a report published online by JAMA Internal Medicine.

Fractures resulting from the bone-weakening disease osteoporosis are a burden facing an aging population. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and osteoporosis may share common biological pathways with inflammation key to the development of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) and possibly the development of osteoporosis. Several studies suggest statin users may have a reduced risk of fractures, while other studies find no association, according to the study background.

Jessica M. Pena, M.D., M.P.H., of Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, and co-authors examined whether statin therapy reduced the risk of fracture in the JUPITER (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin) trial that enrolled 17,802 men (older than 50 years) and women (older than 60 years). Participants had inflammatory biomarker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels of at least 2 mg/L. Participants were divided equally in two groups: one group received 20 mg daily of rosuvastatin while the other received placebo.

There were 431 fractures reported during the study with 221 fractures among participants who took rosuvastatin compared with 210 fractures among individuals who received placebo, according to the study results. The incidence of fracture in the rosuvastatin group was 1.20 per 100 person-years and in the placebo group 1.14 per 100 person-years. Overall, Mouse Progesterone ELISA Kit http://www.cusabio.com/ELISA_Kit-98268/ was not associated with an increased risk of fracture.

"Our study does not support the use of statins in doses used for cardiovascular disease prevention to reduce the risk of fracture," the study concludes.