How do plant meristemoid cells regulate organ size?

Plant meristemoid cells are a class of cells which have activity of stem cell and they are distributed between the leaves epidermis cells with differentiation and expansion. According to statistics, about half of leaf epidermal cells are derived from the meristemoid cells, but the molecular mechanism of how plant meristemoid cells determine organ size is hardly known. Li Yunhai's Research Group and Wang Yingchun's Research Group at The Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology collaborated with Dirk Inze's Research Group in Belgian and other cooperation and discovered an important mechanism of the plant meristemoid cells' regulation function in organ size.

Li Yunhai's Research Group has identified a number of key factors in organ size regulation. Wherein, DA1 encoding a receptor protein ubiquitin, da1-1 mutation produced a large body organ. The latest study found that, da1-1 suppressor mutant sod3-1 limits meristemoid cells proliferation, thus affecting the size of the organ. Genetic analysis showed that this gene DA1 acting on different genetic pathways. SOD3 gene encodes a transcriptional regulator SAP. Overexpression of SAP have a big organ, organ size indicates that SAP is a positive regulatory factor. Further studies showed that SAP is an F-box-containing proteins WD40 repeat domain. SAP may interact with SCF complex member ASK1 / 2 and CUL1 to form SCFSAP E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. SAP is capable of interacting transcription factors PPD and PPD ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Genetic analysis showed that SAP and PPD function in the same genetic pathway through the regulation of plant meristemoid cells proliferation to decide the organ size.

The study revealed the F-box protein transcription factors PPD SAP and interaction, and mediates ubiquitination and degradation of PPD, thus regulating the molecular mechanisms meristemoid cells proliferation and organ size. The study not only finds the new mechanism of plant meristemoid cells regulation of organ size in theory, but also provides theoretical basis and genetic resources for breeding high-yield plant.

The study results were published online April 6 in Nature Communications. Doctoral candidate Wang Zhibiao in Li Yunhai's Research Group is the first author of this paper, paper and Li Yunhai is the corresponding author. The study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and transgenic major projects.

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