The journal Science finds the blocker of cancer

Researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) found that immune cells seemed to prevent the development of melanoma and other cancers in animal models. These film lymphatic sinus (SCS) macrophages form a protective film in surrounding of the lymph nodes, blocking the entrance of delivering tumor tissues and the tiny structures which help the cancer growth and metastasis. However, such SCS macrophages barrier appears to be temporary, and it will collapse when the tumor makes progress and or responses to certain cancer therapies. These important findings were published in the journal Science on April 8th.

The study's lead author, Pittet Dr. Mikael MGH Center for Systems Biology, said: "People often think that the tumor inside macrophages by helping the formation of new blood vessels to deliver nutrients to the tumor cells to promote cancer growth in our laboratory. We have been studying the mechanism of tumor throughout the body to communicate with the immune system, especially for our understanding of the tumor and whether it's away from the macrophage interaction of interest occurs."

CANCER a potential signal to the molecules of immune cells is the use of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tEVs), known TEVS can bind to and activate a number of different cell types. Although it is possible to predict the level of detection tEV treatment response and survival, but it is very difficult to assess the impact tEVs in live animals. The MGH research teams in a new way with a combination of genetic and imaging methods to track the tEVs their targets.

In genetically engineered tumor cells can be generated in mice tEVs with light markers, the researchers confirmed that tEVs can leave the tumor, migrate to the body, and found that most of them are highly concentrated in the vicinity of the lymph nodes, which are tEVs conveying pipe through the lymphatic to here. In another group carrying different receptor protein of melanoma in mice, the research team found tEVs mainly SCS macrophage interaction, SCS macrophages in the lymph nodes surrounding the formation of a fibrous capsule direct cell layer.

In order to determine the observation that mice with human disease is relevant, the researchers examined from 13 patients with non-melanoma cancer sentinel lymph node - which is closest to the tumor, the tumor is expected early diffusion point. Although these lymph nodes has confirmed itself is not melanoma, but researchers lymph nodes in 90% of patients around the SCS macrophages found in melanoma-derived substances. Tumor-derived substance is present in those macrophages did not reflect the primary tumor progress.

Further experiments found that, SCS macrophages play a tumor inhibitory effect in melanoma and lung cancer in a mouse model. This is usually within the tumor-promoting macrophages in stark contrast. Although the current study showed that, by limiting the SCS macrophage suppressing proliferation of cancer tEVs, with the density of SCS macrophage tumor growth begins to decrease around the lymph nodes. Some chemotherapy and immunotherapy drugs have been found to destroy the SCS macrophages barrier. Once tEVs into the lymph nodes, they will bind B cells, followed by B cells to produce some antibodies accelerate tumor growth.

Pittet said, "because of the current people to develop some treatment methods to deplete tumor inside the tumor-promoting macrophages interest to determine whether these treatments also affect the protection of SCS macrophages may be valuable. The best the results may be removed within the tumor macrophage tumor-promoting activity, while retaining the activity of inhibiting tumor SCS macrophages. strengthen SCS determine whether to block macrophage tEVs enter lymph nodes transmit, and a better understanding of the activation tEV B promote cancer cell growth mechanism will also be useful."

Macrophages are phagocytes present in blood, lymph tissues and all tissue types of mammalian. They play many different roles in normal development, homeostasis, tissue repair and the immune response to pathogens. Their diversity means that they are involved with almost every human disease. They are also a major treatment goal, because their function can be enhanced or inhibited to change the outcome of the disease.

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